Background: Finishing and polishing are important stages of composite restorations. Failure to polish will cause recurrent caries, plaque accumulation, and inflammation of the periodontium. This study evaluated the influence of diamond polish-pastes on the polish retention of the nanocomposites after pH-Cycling and tooth brushing. Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical specimens including nanofilled composite (FiltekZ350) and nanohybrid composite (Aelite) were subjected to 4 polishing methods in 8 groups (n=5). A reference under Mylar strip (M), sequence of Sof-Lex discs(S), Sof-Lex discs and diamond polishing paste (TDV) (ST), and Sof-Lex discs and diamond polishing paste (Ultradent) (SU). After finishing and polishing, the Ra and Rz were determined by a profilometer for the first time. Specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen and 10,000 brushing cycle. New readings of the Ra and Rz parameters were obtained. All sets of data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, and T-test. Results: In Z350 composite, the analysis of variance test showed a significant difference between Ra1 and Rz1 of the four investigated groups (P=0. 002, P=0. 003). After pH-cycling and brushing, Ra2 values showed significant differences among the four investigated groups (P=0. 009). The Rz2 values were not significantly different among the four groups (P=0. 353). In Aelite composite, the analysis of variance test showed a significant difference between Ra1 and Rz1 of the four investigated groups (P<0. 000, P=0. 004). After pH-cycling and brushing, Ra2 and Rz2 showed significant differences among the four investigated groups (P<0. 000, P<0. 000). Conclusion: Comparison of Rz and Ra in Z350 composite before and after pH-cycling and brushing indicated no significant difference. In other words, pH-cycling and brushing did not change the surface roughness. Aelite composite had higher Rz than Z350 composite before and after pH-cycling and brushing. Diamond polishing pastes had no effect on reducing surface roughness.

“, Narrative”,and “, narration”,appear to be inseparable parts of the human psychosocial life, to the extent that it can even be mentioned that human being seems to be indefinable and inconceivable without this component and its twin component, namely “, time”, . The present manuscript is an attempt to understand how the mechanism of narration works, with regard to the concept of collective memory and specifically the silent historical objects in the elderly. Such an effort may help to “, understand”,such a mechanism and, to its maximum extent possible, open the door to the subject matter. Of course, this launching can be opened directly or indirectly, and as a dilatory goal, to the subsequent studies of or empathetic therapeutic proceedings for the elderly, in the field of reminiscence therapy. The nature of this manuscript demands theoretical allusions and the conceptual composition of those allusions, and therefore an essential part of its body will be based on such a basis. To concretely configure the story of this manuscript, the narrative world of the 82-to 84-year-olds from Kermanshah, Iran have been selected as the experimental domain of study. The central object of their childhood collective memory was set on the settlement of some Polish migrants in Kermanshah during the presence of the allied, that is, when they were between seven and eight years old. Having conducted a semi-structured interview with them, there was compiled the way of imprinting the elements of that central object in their “, world of perception”,and the parade of the overt and covert elements of that central object in their narrative system. Besides, based on theoretical concepts, an attempt has been made to provide a concrete discussion.

Immigration to metropolises has turned to be a crisis in societal and economic security of nations. Most of such immigrations occur due to various reasons resulting in problems such as tiredness and bereavement. These problems can lead to deeper problems like delinquency. The present paper tries to clarify the relationship between immigration and armed robberies in metropolises Tehran. The role of committing armed robberies will be determined. Some strategies against the problems are also presented.

Memory is one of the most important individual and social dimensions of human beings. Memory, even in its most personal form, is influenced by social, economic, and political contexts. Norms, values, and social rules, which have been passed down from generation to generation, shows that memory has a social dimension. Collective memory is not like a fixed and unchangeable format, but also a process that is Constructed under the influence of the present and social frameworks. The main issue of the present study, entitled "Poles in World War II in Kermanshah", is to try to understand how the process of forgetting about Polish refugees in the city of Kermanshah. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the theory of social memory of Maurice Halbwax and the social frameworks of memory (age, sex, race, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) to which Holbwax refers and also Paul Ricoeur's views, which are also influenced by Holbawax's theory of social memory in the discussion of recollection and forgetfulness, have been used. The research approach is qualitative and the method of narrative analysis has been used. 82 people were interviewed through purposive sampling and to increase the validity of the research, the relevant documents were also examined. The results indicate that collective memory is constructed by factors such as media, formal education, memorial ceremonies and memorial communities, places, the possibility of having different groups in society and the relationship and membership of different socialgroups with each other, Economic social class and ideology.

Migration is one of the most sophisticated demographic phenomena, and the relationship between this phenomena and the process of urban sprawl and urbanization is more sophisticated by far. And ever more complicated is the process of the migrants adaptation to cities, because the urban life is not simply the settlement and living in the city, but to follow the principles which as a whole form the basis of social, economic and urban culture. The lack of familiarity of migrants, particularly rural-urban migrant with these principles, and the lack of a distinct economic and social base of migrants results in various demographic, behavioral, moral and psychological implications. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the confrontation and adaptation of migrants with the culture of the urban communities and unfamiliar urban environments in which they wish to live their lives. The paper attempts to study some cases of the process of adjustment of migrants to new environments specially to urban environments as migrants destinations. With regard to the extents of the subject and the spatial variations and cultural differences between migrants and native populations of communities and complications of the urban communities and their social problems, the study will be presented in a macro scale and some broad and general points of the adaptation of migrants of various parts of the world will be reviewed. Various stages of the migrants adaptation and the stability of their social and economic status, according to Turners Theory will be discussed and some points as a conclusion ends the paper.

After the invasion of German and Soviet Union to Poland in the course of World War II, half of Polish territory was occupied by Soviet Union and thousands of people deported to labor camps in Siberia. But the unforeseen German attack on the Soviet Union changed the fate of the Polish prisoners. Following a council that was held among the Allied Forces, the Soviet government agreed to send a number of Polish prisoners to Iran. Polish refugees lived in some of Iran's cities, including Isfahan, for more than three years. The unexpected arrival of Polish immigrants created some health and livelihood difficulties for the residents of the city, but gradually, a mutual relationship was established between them, and the Polish settlers succeeded in influencing the clothing and recreation of the people of Isfahan. They played an important role in introducing and transferring Iranian culture and art to Poland. Due to the large number of polish refugees in the Isfahan and their socio-cultural relations with the people of this city, the purpose of current study was to investigate these relations during a period from 1321 to 1324/1942 to 1945 with a descriptive approach and based on documentary, librarian, press and oral history. With this approach, the questions raised by the article are: How has the Polish immigrants affected the expansion of cultural relations between Iran and Poland? What social consequences did the settlement of Polish migrants in Isfahan have?